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Get Help Now!At the beginning of 2011, a North Queensland city (City A) with 83,630 male population and 76,239 female population, had a total of 15,053 male and 12,198 female type II diabetics. In another city (City B) of South-East Queensland, the male and female populations and numbers of type II diabetics were also recorded. Data for both cities are detailed in the following table. There were additional 785 female and 971 male type II diabetic cases reported in City A and additional 1,168 female and 1,252 male type II diabetics reported in City B in 2011.
- City A City B Queensland population in 2011
- Sex group
- Population in 2011 Total cases at the beginning of 2011 Population in 2011 Total cases at the beginning of 2011
- Male 83630 15053 232762 24255 2,048,861
- Female 76239 12198 240509 25861 2,042,685
a) Calculate the overall prevalences of type II diabetics at the beginning of 2011 for the two cities and indicate which city has the higher prevalence of the disease.
b) What were the risks (ie measure of disease frequency) of developing type II diabetes in different gender groups in each of the two cities (Please calculate the risks among males and females). Compare the results between the gender groups and between the two cities. (3 marks)
c) How does the risk of developing type II diabetes vary by sex in each city? (Hint: calculate an appropriate measure of association to quantify the variation). Based on your results, discuss whether sex is a risk factor of type II diabetes in the two cities. (2 marks)
d) What are the crude incidence rates of type II diabetes in the two cities? Use Queensland’s population as the standard population to calculate the direct standardised incidence rates (gender adjusted rates) of type II diabetes in City A and in City B. Compare the overall crude and standardised rates between the two cities and interpret your findings.
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